Extracellular components - Centre College细胞外成分-中央大学.pptVIP

How do coated vesicles go to the right place and fuse with the right membrane? The “SNARE” hypothesis SNARE Vesicle-SNAP-receptors (v-SNAREs) Target-SNAP-receptors (t-SNAREs) SNAP=soluble NSF attachment proteins NSF=N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Lysosomes Digestive enzymes Low pH (4-5) Develop from late endosomes/hydrolases from Golgi Activated by lowering the pH Extracellular components Cell walls Extracellular matrix Bone Cartilage Connective tissue Types of molecules in ECM Structural proteins—strength/flexibility Collagen Elastin Proteoglycans--matrix Adhesive glycoproteins—stick cells to matrix Fibronectins laminins Collagen--strength Synthesis--fibroblasts Elastin--flexibility Glycosaminoglycans Proteoglycans—hydrated matrix Adhesive glycoproteins Extracellular Fibronectins Laminins Cell surface Integrins Fibronectins Group of adhesive glycoproteins 2 long linked proteins Several binding domains Fibronectin roles Anchor cells to ECM Maintain cell shape Cell movement Blood clotting Laminins Found in basal laminae Special ECM Under epithelial cells Separates them from connective tissue Role of basal laminae Support Permeability barrier Contain Type IV collagen Proteoglycans laminins Laminins Very large proteins 3 linked peptides Multiple domains What binds the cells to the ECM? Integrins Groups of transmembrane proteins Link cytoskeleton to ECM Fibronectin receptor is best known Cell-cell interactions Cell-cell adhesion Cell-cell communication Cell-cell adhesion Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) Lots of them Involved in many cellular processes Cadherins Adhesive glycoproteins Cell juctions Adhesive junctions Strong links Tight junctions Prevent leaks between cells Gap junctions Forms direct link between cells Adhesive junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Adherens junctions Focal adhesions All contain - intracellular attachment proteins—link to cytoskeleton - transmembrane linker proteins—link the cells Desmosomes—rivets between cells Adherens junct