Social Conformity - Anthony Pratkanis社会整合-安东尼普拉卡尼斯.pptVIP

Social Conformity Social Conformity: Lecture Objectives Discuss the issue of “power to the people” in a democracy. Describe the Asch experiment and discuss when and why conformity occurs State what is meant by the “real managers” problem. Power of the people: Founders vs. populism The “people” in a democracy can be a source of power – by their votes, support for candidates, and volunteer activities. Populism see “power to the people” as a good thing The founders perceived “power to the people” as a potential threat to democracy Autocracies control people via totalism: manipulate the masses by information control and appeals to granfalloon among other tactics Populism Populism embraced by left and right Assumptions Collective wisdom of the people is better than expertise; the “people” know best. The “people” share the same view of the issues. The “people” united can never be defeated. Do the “people” know best? Wisdom of crowds: The average judgment of many people is better than the judgment of any given person over time Ox weight and jelly bean estimate Bookies and points spreads Most investors under perform the stock market average Limitations of the people and knowledge Lack of diversity of knowledge in the group (converge on wrong solution) Conformity pressures such as groupthink Lack of independence in judgment (imitation of others) Centralized information Collusion of members Do the “people” share the same view of the issues? False consensus effect: use one’s attitude to estimate the attitudes of others; generally, people believe that others share their attitudes and overestimate the extend of agreement Na?ve realism: everyone else shares my construal of the world (my facts and values about reality); opposite of realistic empathy Do the “people” share the same view of the issues? Debate among scholars: What is public opinion (single or multiple perspectives)? What is the common good (or is there such a thing)? Na?ve realism and false consensus can be us