英语：unit1《school life》定语从句（译林牛津版必修1）.docVIP

英语：Unit1《School Life》定语从句（译林牛津版必修1） 定语从句 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后, 由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1. who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2. whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which互换), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3. which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语。 1. when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构换用。例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2. that代替关系副词 3. that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.