人体形态学基础Teratos.pptVIP

Congenital Anomalies and Teratogens Birth defect, congenital malformation and congenital anomaly Are synonymous terms used to describe structural, behavioral, functional and metabolic disorders present at birth Causes of Birth Defects Genetic/Chromosomal - 15-20% Environmental (teratogens) - 10-15% Combined - 20-25% Multiple Gestations - 1% Unknown - 40-50% Genetic Causes Molecules that regulate development Enzymes Structural genes Localized to a Chromosome – gene unknown Environmental factors (Teratogens) Infectious agents-virus Physical agents X-rays, Hyperthemia, etc Chemicals agents