化工专业英语（河北科技大学）unit2 lesson 1.pptVIP

Unit 2 (1) Flow of Fluids Correction: P. 30 line 10, “angel” should be read “angle” P. 32 line 3 from bottom, “in a right angles” should be read “at right angles” The chemical engineer is interested in many aspects of the problems involved in the flow of fluids. 化学工程师对涉及流体流动问题的许多方面都很感兴趣。 In the first place首先, in common with和…一样many other engineers, he is concerned with涉及到，与…有关，参与 the transport of fluids from one location to another through pipes or open ducts明槽，明渠this requires determination of the pressure drops压降in the system, and hence of the power required for pumping, selection of the most suitable type of pump, and measurement of the flow rates. In many cases, the fluid contains solid particles颗粒in suspension处于悬浮状态and it is necessary to determine the effect of these particles on the flow characteristics of the fluid or, alternatively作为选择；二者择一地the drag force曳力，阻力exerted施加，发挥by the fluid on the particles. 在许多情况下，流体中含有悬浮的固体颗粒，这就必须确定这些颗粒对流体流动特性的影响或流体对这些颗粒所产生的阻力。 In some cases, such as filtration过滤, the particles are in the form of以…的形式a fairly stable固定的；稳定的bed and the fluid has to pass through the tortuous曲折迂回的channels formed by the pore spaces孔隙. In other cases the shape of the boundary边界，分界线surfaces must be so arranged安排，调整that a particular flow pattern is obtained: for example , when solids are maintained维持，保持in suspension in a liquid by means of依靠agitation, the desired effect can be obtained with the minimum expenditure消耗，花费of energy if the most suitable flow pattern is produced in the fluid. 在另一些情况下，必须调整边界表面的形状而得到特定的流动型式，例如，当通过搅拌使固体悬浮在液体中时，如果液体中产生了最合适的流动型式，就可以用最小的能量消耗而得到所需的结果。 Further, in those processes where heat transfer热量传递or mass transfer质量传递to a flowing fluid occurs, the nature性质of the flow may have a profound深刻的，意义深远的effect on the transfer coefficient系数for the process. When a fluid flow through a duct or over a surface, the velocity over a plane平面at right angles to与…垂直the stream流向is not normally uniform相同的，均衡的,the variation of velocity can be show