初中定语讲解.docVIP

初中阶段教学要求的定语从句用法学习 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 1.???????? 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) 2.???????? 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词，其中that、which、who称为关系代词，where、when、how称为关系副词。 3.???????? 关系代词或关系副词的作用： 1)??????? 关系代词who、whom 和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物， 有时也指人，它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。① This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) ② Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。) ③ The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的。) ④ Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？) ⑤ Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？) ⑥ Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？) 2)??????? 关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点或方式状语。如：① This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) ②This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方。) ③ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法。) ④ I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) 4.???????? 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略，否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，这种从句是一种附加说明，如果从句子中省去，也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book， which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书，我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。) [注 解] 1.????? 关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all， anything等)，或先行词部分含有最高级，或含有序数词时，不能用其他的关系代词，只能用that. 如：①All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) ② Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) ③ This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。) 2.????? 关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物)，而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：①Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？) ② Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话，请一个字也不要说。) 3.????? 关系代词作从句的宾语时，常用which或whom，较少使