《管理学原理》英语教学课件-Managing Change Innovation.pptVIP

郭志文 2001 Copyright CHAPTER 7 Managing Change and Innovation Learning Objectives (1) Describe what change variables are within a manager’s control. Identify external and internal forces for change. Explain how managers can serve as change agents. Contrast the “calm water” and “white-water rapids” metaphors for change. Explain why people are likely to resist change. Learning objective(2) Describe techniques for reducing resistance to change. Identify what is meant by the term organization development and specify four popular OD techniques. Explain the causes and symptoms of stress. Differentiate between creativity and innovation. Explain how organizations can stimulate innovation. What Is Change? Forces for Change(1) External Forces Marketplace (ex:Domino’s VS. Pizza Hut) Government laws Regulations (ex: disability) Technology (ex: e-commerce) Economic changes Forces for Change(2) Internal Forces Strategy Changes (ex:IBM) Introducing New Equipment Organization workforce (ex: Promotion) Compensation benefits systems Employee attitudes How Can a Manager Serve As a Change Agent Change agent：People who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing a change in a organization. Non-manager can be the change agent An internal specialist Outside consultants objective perspective Inadequate understanding: history, culture, personnel, operating procedures, execution result. Change Process View (1)“calm waters” Metaphor Kurt Lewin’s three-step change process Change Process View (2)“white-water rapids” Metaphor Uncertain, dynamic, competitive world. Today’s manager’s never get out of rapids. Stability predictability do not exist. Face constant chaotic change. If it is not broken, you just haven’t looked hard enough. Fix it anyway. People Resist Change ? Resistance Reduction (1) Resistance Reduction (2) Organization Development An active designed to facilitate long-term organization-wide changes. Focus on the attitudes values of organizational members --