第1章节免疫学绪论课件.ppt

三 、A Brief History of Immunology Edward Jenner 与牛痘苗（ cowpox vaccine） Paul Ehrlich 与抗体（ antibody ） Elie Metchnikoff 与吞噬细胞（ phagocytes） IMMUNOLOGY HAS A SHORT HISTORY 1796: Jenner Occupational exposure to cowpox prevents smallpox -VACCINATION Nothing known of microorganisms Edward Jenner 1749-1822 Successful vaccination against smallpox I. Edward Jenner and the cowpox vaccine Progression of Smallpox Day 7 Day 3 Day 5 天花病毒 (Pox virus) Today – smallpox eradicated through WHO vaccination effort ~ 1500 – China and Turkey Variolization ( dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules were either inhaled into the nostrils or inserted into small cuts in the skin ) ~ 1720 – Lady Montague U.K. Clinical Trials 1796 – Jenner First successful vaccine Practice of immunology preceded Jenner’s vaccine trial 1980年 WHO：消灭天花 Jenner （1749-1823） 1890’s: Pasteur Anti-cholera and rabies vaccines Louis Pasteur 1822-1895, Father of immunology, attenuated bacteria and viruses as vaccine against anthrax ….. Late 1800’s: Koch Infectious disease caused by microorganisms Specific pathogens cause specific disease Robert Koch 1843-1910, Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on tuberculosis, Anthrax, Cholera, Tubercule bacillus Elie Metchnikoff 1883 - Phagocytosis Blood Smear II. Elie Metchnikoff and phagocytes 梅契尼可夫 Paul Ehrlich , Nobel Prize in 1908 for demonstrating production of antibody 1898: Paul Ehrlich Proc. Royal Soc ANTIBODIES production III. Paul Ehrlich 与抗体 （ Paul Ehrlich and antibody ） 埃尔里赫 Paul Ehrlich Antibody production 抗体形成的“侧链学说” Antibody （侧连） Antigen） 1890: von Behring and Kitasato -ANTIBODIES in the serum of vaccinated individual bind to pathogens Emil von Behring 1854 - 1917, Nobel Prize in 1901 for demonstrating that circulating antitoxins against diphtheria and tetanus toxins conferred immunity. 免疫学进展概述 1．免疫化学研究进展 （1）发现抗体、抗原、补体 （2）免疫化学的进展使免疫学初具雏形 2．细胞免疫学进展 （1）免疫细胞的发现 * 淋巴细胞（T/B细胞）的免疫功能 *