口外医学教学（中山大学）口腔颌面部麻醉2017.pptxVIP

General Anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgeryDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University Wenguo Fan(范文国：mailto:fwg1207@fwg1207@)What is general anesthesia(GA)? GA is anesthetics-induced reversible suppression on CNS.What is general anesthesia(GA)?GA has the following manifestations :Essential Components of AnesthesiaA. pain relief (analgesia) B. blocking memory of the procedure (amnesia) C. producing unconsciousness (Hypnosis)D. inhibiting normal body reflexes to make surgery safe and easier to perform E. relaxing the muscles of the bodyGeneral Anesthesia, Sleep, and Coma. N Engl J Med. 2010 December 30; 363(27): 2638–2650What is general anesthesia(GA)?GA was absent until the mid-1800’sWilliam Morton administered ether to a patient having a neck tumor removed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, in October 1846. The discovery of the diethyl ether as GA was the result of a search for means of eliminating a patient’s pain perception and responses to painful stimuli. (CH3CH2)2O What is general anesthesia(GA)?Prior to introduction of GALeg amputationWhat is general anesthesia(GA)Robert Liston,1794-1847What is general anesthesia(GA)?Frozen anesthesiaAlcoholBleedingLocal AnestheticsHua Tuo（141—208）What is general anesthesia(GA)?Safety of GAPerioperative Mortality (2010 to 2014) :2,866,141 cases and 944 deaths (33 per 100,000). Anesthesia-related Mortality: 1/1388～1/85708 1/50000 (in China)(Whitlock, Feiner et al. 2015)What is general anesthesia(GA)?Development of Anesthesia First noteworthy step in modern anesthesia: 19th century Medical Milestones - The Past 500 Years The New England Journal of Medicine (2008)GA in oral and maxillofacial surgeryGA in oral and maxillofacial surgeryIndications of oral and maxillofacial surgeryExtractions of decayed teeth that cannot be restored Surgical removal of impacted teeth Extraction of nonvital teeth Preprosthetic surgery to smooth and contour the alveolar ridge