数控技术-毕业外文翻译.docVIP

Numerical Control Numerical control (N/C) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters and other symbols. The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpart or job. When the job is changed, the program of instructions must be changed. The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-volume and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment. There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools: point—to—point and continuous—path (also called contouring). Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running. Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring. The N/C system consists of the following components: data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment. Data input, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means. Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs. Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors. These are located on a console near the machine. Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a synchronization-type resolver or potentiometer. In most cases, pushbuttons, switches and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices. Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation. It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases. In practically all