History_of_Psychology 心理学史英文课件.pptVIP

Biopsychological (Neurobiological) Nervous System: Responsible for our behavior; Specifically abnormal and immediate responses. Anatomy/Biology: Solely responsible for human behavior. Criticisms: Ignores mental processes. Explains too little of human behavior, rejects environmental influences. Cognitive Theory Thinking: how mental thoughts affect behavior. Humanism gives rise to the Cognitive Theory. Studies how we attend, perceive, think, remember, solve problems and arrive at beliefs. Know what’s going on in people’s heads first, then applies it to their behavior. Jean Piaget: studies children’s cognitive development. Cognitive Theory Thought Processes: Can infer mental processes from observable behavior. Gestalt Psychology: means “pattern” or “configuration.” Studies how people interpret sensory information in order to acquire knowledge. “The whole is larger than the sum of its parts” Cognitive Theory: Criticisms Downplays emotion, too mentalistic, hard to decide between competing cognitive explanations. Strong approach today. Sociocultural Psychology Examines how cultural and political (religious) experience effect our everyday life. Gender influences of behavior. Job opportunities to influence people’s goals and ambitions. Sociocultural Psychology It is NOT intrapsychic: Within the mind or self. Cultural Values/Political Systems: How norms and social influences affect behavior. Sociocultural Psychology Ambition/Goals/Values: Environments influence on one’s long-term ambitions. Criticisms: Underestimated personal and overestimated social influences on our behavior. Makes broad generalizations about ethnic groups and cultures. History of Psychology: Aristotle, before 30 BC Greek naturalist and philosopher who theorized about learning, memory, motivation, emotion, perception, and personality. René Descartes: 1596-1650 Originated the concept of Dualism, viewed mind