《有机化学精品教学》（汕头大学）化学七年制总复习.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * arginine, Arg, R necessary only for cats * pHpI pH=pI pHpI formula direction of electrophoresis cathode no movement anode charge state + / * 5. React with nitrous acid (HNO2) What difference between nitrous acid react with amino acids and nitrous acid react with aliphatic amines? * 8. React with ninhydrin Amino acids react with ninhydrin to form a deep purple molecule, Ruhemann’s purple. It is this purple color that is used to detect amino acids except proline, regardless of the identify of the R group, form the same purple molecule on reaction with ninhydrin. Ruhemann’s purple * Chemical bonds of proteins: 1. Principal bond (主键): peptide linkage 2. Auxiliary bonds (副键): (1) Hydrogen bond between main chains between main chain and side chain between side chains * (2) Disulfide bond mercaptan * Thiols in adjacent chains can form a disulfide RS–SR through spontaneous oxidation. A disulfide bond between cysteine residues in different peptide chains links the otherwise separate chains together, while a disulfide bond between cysteine residues in the same chain forms a loop. * (3) Hydrophobic bond: The nonpolar, “greasy” hydrophobic hydrocarbon portions cluster inside the molecule, maximally protected from the hostile aqueous environment. * (5) Salt bond (ionic bond) (6) Coordinate bond (4) Van der Waals force * Primary structure: the sequence of amino acids in a protein. * Secondary structure: ordered regions of a protein chain. The two most common types of secondary structure are the ?-helix and the ?-pleated sheet. * 2. Precipitati