高考从句复习.docVIP

高考英语总复习语法专项 定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词,在定语从句中作主语 在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后 指人 that / who that / who / whom 指物 that / which that / which 上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 “…(先行词)的” 二.示例: 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语 a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ? b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket. 2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语 a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist. b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside. 3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后 a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in. 4.whose引导的定语从句 a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner. b. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white. 三.应注意的问题: 1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况: ①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时 a. This is the best play that was written by Jack. ②.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时 a. This is the first car that arrived this morning. ③.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时 a. All the people that come from the country work much harder. ④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时 a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered. ⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时 a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ? 2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可 a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom. 关系副词引导的定语从句 一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语 二.示例: a. He was well at the time when I saw him. b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday. c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer. 三.应注意的问题: 1.在某些表示时间的名??后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句) a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这