水处理专业英语翻译理论.pptVIP

词义的选择和引申 词类转换 句子成分的转译 词序和句序的调整 被动语态的翻译 定语从句的翻译 词的增译 专业英语翻译理论 6.1.4 常用被动句型的翻译 不加主语的，如: It is hoped that… 希望… It is reported that… 据报道… It is said that… 据说… It must be supposed that…据猜测… It must be admitted that…必须承认… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It will be seen from this that… 由此可以看出… 专业英语翻译理论 2. 加主语的，如 It is believed that… 有人相信… It is generally considered that… 大家认为… It is well known that… 大家知道… It was told that… 有人说… It is asserted that…有人主张… It is found that… 人们发现… It is stressed that… 人们强调… It has been suggested that…有人认为… 专业英语翻译理论 6.2 译成汉语的被动句：汉语有时也采用被动表达，这一类句子都强调被动的动作。 E.g. ： The sewage of nearly 10 million people in the US is discharged raw into our waterways. 美国近一千万人口的生活污水未经处理直接被排入我们的水道。 b. When these compounds decomposed by bacteria, oxygen is removed from water. 当这些组分被微生物降解，氧就被从水中排除 c. The hypothesis has been proved by the results of experiments. 这一假设已被试验结果证实 专业英语翻译理论 6.3 译成汉语的无主句：科技文章在讲述事情时，常强调怎么做而不介意谁去做，这样许多被动句可译成无主句。 E.g.： After reducing the BOD to 60 mg/L, wastewater treated can be directly discharged into nature water body. 当废水中的BOD降到60mg/L时，处理后的水课直接排入天然水体 b. Usually, before the municipal solid waste can be landfilled, it does require digestion to avoid odors, insects, and water pollution. 通常再把城市固体废弃物继续拧卫生填埋之前，必须进行消化处理，以防止散发臭味、滋生昆虫和污染水体. 专业英语翻译理论 7 定语从句的译法 7.1 限制性定语从句的译法 7.1.1 前置法：当定语从句不太长或不太复杂时，可将起译成“的”字结构放在被修饰词的前面。E.g.： The three nutrients that are most needed by plant are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. 植物生长所必须的三种营养元素是氮、磷、钾 b. The earth could be cooled, conceivably to the point of initiating another ice age, if atmospheric contaminants sufficiently reduce the amount of solar energy that penetrates the earth’s atmosphere. 如果大气中的污染物能够有效地减少穿过大气层的太阳能，地球将被冷却，到一定程度也许会出现另一个冰河时代 专业英语翻译理论 7.1.2 分译法：限制性定语从句长或者先行词的修饰成分多时，把定语从句译成主句的并列句，放于主句之后，翻译时可选择重复先行词或省略先行词。E.g.： There is an ozone layer in the lower stratosphere that absorbs an appreciable part of the energy in the ultraviolet wavelengths emitted by the sun. 臭氧