内陆核电站低放废水排放对受纳水体环境影响的研究-核能与核技术工程专业论文 word格式.docxVIP

内陆核电站低放废水排放对受纳水体环境影响的研究摘 要随着经济的发展，我国对电力的需求也不断增长，相对于火力发电要向环境排放 大量二氧化碳、硫化物等污染物，核能发电则是更清洁、更环保的发电方式。经过 30 多年沿海核电厂址的开发和建设，可以利用的沿海核电厂址已经越来越稀缺，考 虑电力需求的不平衡分布及不断增长的电力需求，我国的核电建设必将从沿海地区逐 渐扩展到内陆地区。我国很早就有开发利用内陆核电厂址的计划和工作，但是尚没有建设运行的经验， 内陆厂址不如滨海厂址具有很大的稀释水体和良好的扩散条件，且内陆厂址的排污受 纳水体又往往是饮用水源。按照核电厂运行管理和辐射防护最优化原则，不可避免的 要向环境排放放射性核素。所以优化内陆核电厂低放废水排放方式，把对环境的影响 减小到尽可能低的合理程度，是一个很重要的问题[1]。本文针对上述问题，选取某内陆核电站为例，依据流体动力学原理，采用了数值 模拟方法，利用 CFD 三维软件，计算了内陆核电厂放射性液态流出物在水库中的弥 散状况；通过实体实验的手段，研究放射性核素在水库中吸附沉积特性，获得了部分 典型核素的吸附分配系数，利用 IAEA 19 号报告推荐的放射性核素河床沉积物评价 模式，计算出核素在水库底泥和岸边的沉积量；最后计算了水生生物及典型渔民所受 辐照剂量值，通过与法规标准的对比，评估了低放废液排放对水体环境的影响，判断 出在控制好排放前处理的前提下，对水体的环境影响是可以接受的，同时对部分影响 份额较大核素要重点关注、监测。通过本文研究，对核电厂选址阶段环境影响评价有 一定的参考意义，对核电厂的建设运行后的管理和监测亦有指导性的作用。关键词：内陆核电站，数模，低放废水，环境影响STUDY ON INLAND NUCLEAR POWER PLANT LOW-RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGE EFFLUENT IMPACTIONABSTRACTWith the development of economy, the demand for power of our country is in growth. Relative to the coal-fired power plant which discharges co2 emissions, sulphur pollutants to the environment, the use of nuclear power is a clean way of generating. After 30 years construction, many nuclear power plants have been built in the coastal. So now, there are no more coastal sites can be built, and consider the distribution of power demand, nuclear power plants will be constructed from the coastal area to inland areas.In the early time, we already have the plan to build the nuclear power plants in the inland area, but there is no one till now and we have no experience of construction and operation for inland nuclear power plants. It is different from the plant built in the coastal, there is no great water for the power plant effluent diffusion. And the river receiving the effluent is always be the drinking water source for people. So it is important to analysis the inland nuclear power plant low-radioactive effluent impaction to the environment.In order to solve above problems, an inland nuclear power plant is selected as a sample for numerical simulation. Using three-dimension