Alcohol‐Impaired Driving and Perceived Risks of Legal Consequences 材料.docx

ALCOHOLISM:?CLINICAL?AND?EXPERIMENTAL?RESEARCHVol.?**,?No.?***?2017Alcohol-Impaired?Driving?and?Perceived?Risks?of?LegalConsequencesFrank?A.?Sloan,?Sabrina?A.?McCutchan,?and?Lindsey?M.?EldredBackground:?Driving?while?impaired?(DWI)?is?a?threat?to?public?health.?Codi?ed?legal?sanctions?area?widely?implemented?strategy?to?reduce?DWI.?However,?it?is?unclear?that?sanctioning?a?ects?individualrisk?perceptions?so?as?to?deter?alcohol-impaired?driving.Methods:?Using?survey?data?collected?from?individual?drivers,?police,?and?defense?attorneys?special-izing?in?DWI?in?8?U.S.?cities,?we?investigated?whether?risk?perceptions?about?legal?consequences?foralcohol-impaired?driving,?both?the?risk?of?being?stopped?if?driving?while?alcohol-impaired?and?receivingspeci?c?penalties?following?a?DWI,?deter?alcohol-impaired?driving.?First,?we?analyzed?how?di?erentdrivers’?risk?perceptions?about?being?pulled?over?and?facing?criminal?sanctions?related?to?their?self-reported?alcohol-impaired?driving?in?the?year?following?the?interview?at?which?risk?perceptions?were?eli-cited.?Second,?using?data?from?an?experimental?module?in?which?individual’s?risk?perceptions?were?ran-domly?updated?by?the?interview,?we?analyzed?how?each?driver’s?beliefs?about?his?or?her?own?futurealcohol-impaired?driving?responded?to?randomly?generated?increases?in?the?apprehension?probabilityand?sanction?magnitude.Results:?Higher?probabilities?as?estimated?by?the?individuals?of?being?pulled?over?corresponded?toless?alcohol-impaired?driving?in?both?analyses.?Conversely,?there?was?no?statistical?relationship?betweenperceptions?of?criminal?sanctions?for?DWI?and?alcohol-impaired?driving?with?1?exception—a?small?sig-ni?cant?negative?relationship?between?duration?of?jail?time?following?a?DWI?conviction?and?alcohol-impaired?driving.Conclusions:?Perceptions?regarding?the?threat?of?being?apprehended?for?alcohol-impaired?drivingwere?related?to?actual?self-reported?driving,?while?perceived?sanctions?following?a?DWI?conviction?forDWI?gen