Consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems from individuals to ecosystems.消费者驱动的淡水生态系统中养分动态个人生态系统精品.pdfVIP

Biol. Rev. (2016), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12318 Consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: from individuals to ecosystems Carla L. Atkinson1,∗, Krista A. Capps2,3, Amanda T. Rugenski4 and Michael J. Vanni5 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, U.S.A. 2 Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A. 3Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, U.S.A. 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. 5Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The role of animals in modulating nutrient cycling [hereafter, consumer-driven nutrient dynamics (CND)] has been accepted as an important influence on both community structure and ecosystem function in aquatic systems. Yet there is great variability in the influence of CND across species and ecosystems, and the causes of this variation are not well understood. Here, we review and synthesize the mechanisms behind CND in fresh waters. We reviewed 131 articles on CND published between 1973 and 1 June 2015. The rate of new publications in CND has increased from 1.4 papers per year during 1973–2002 to 7.3 per year during 2003–2015. The majority of investigations are in North America with many concentrating on fish. More recent studies have focused on animal-mediated nutrient excretion rates relative to nutrient demand and indirect impacts (e.g. decomposition). We identified several mechanisms that influence CND across levels of biological organization. Factors affecting the stoichiometric plasticity