量子力学与实验1.pdfVIP

CN Chapter 1 CT Fundamental Concepts At the present stage of human knowledge, quantum mechanics can be regarded as the fundamental theory of atomic phenomena. The experimental data on which it is based are derived from physical events that almost entirely beyond the range of direct human perception. It is not surprising that the theory embodies physical concepts that are foreign to common daily experience. The most traditional way to introduce the quantum mechanics is to follow the historical development of theory and experiment — Planck’s radiation law, the Einstein- Debye’s theory of specific heat, the Bohr atom, de Broglie’s matter wave and so forth — together with careful analysis of some experiments such as diffraction experiment of light, the Compton effect, and Franck-Hertz effect. In this way we can enjoy the experience of physicists of last century to establish the theory. In this course we do not follow the historical approach. Instead, we start with an example that illustrates the inadequacy of classical concepts in a fundamental way. 1 CHAPTER 1 – MANUSCRIPT A 1.1 Relation between experimental interpre- tations and theoretical inferences Schiff’s book has a good introduction to this theory. Please refer to the book after class. Here we just list several experiments which played key roles in development of quantum theory. Experimental facts • Electromagnetic Wave /