浙江省诸暨市草塔中学高中英语（人教版）必修4课件：Unit 4 Grammar.pptVIP

* Grammar 一: V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。 V-ing 形式 完成式 一般式 被动语态 主动语态 　语态 时态 (not) doing (not) being done (not) having done (not) having been done V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。 1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 -ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming A sleeping car = a car for sleeping 2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 过去叫 现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sunzxxk -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 2. 作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。 Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 条件 1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. (伴随动作) 2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因) 3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件 4) The boy sat in front of the farm- house, cutting the branch. 伴随 5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式 6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间, 可以在分词前保留when) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果 8) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。Zx.xk Attention Please -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. 　(分词的逻辑主语是time, 而句子的主语是I, 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。) the British lady the Columbian the Japanese the Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised. His nose touches Mr. Cook’s moving hand. You see her step