Science and technology in Brazil a new policy for a global….pdfVIP

Science and Technology in Brazil: A new policy for a global world Simon Schwartzman, general coordination Eduardo Krieger, biological sciences Fernando Galembeck, physical sciences and engineering Eduardo Augusto Guimarães, technology and industry Carlos Osmar Bertero, Institutional analysis This is the summary document of the science and technology policy study carried on by the São Paulo School of Business Administration, Getúlio Vargas Foundation, for the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology, within the Program for Scientific and Technological Development (the PADCT II agreement between Brazil and the World Bank). The ideas expressed in this text are the sole responsibility of its authors. São Paulo, November, 1993 Contents Summary i Introduction i Recommendationsii 1. Technology and applied science ii 2 - Basic science and education iii 3 - International Cooperation iv 4 - Information and knowledge dissemination v 5 - Institutional reform v 6 - Goal-oriented projects vi 1. Science and Technology in Brazil 1 2. Background 5 a. The beginning: ST development in a period of economic expansion 5 b. Main initiatives 6 c. Crisis in the eighties and nineties 7 3. The achievements of the 1970s and the realities of the 1990s 11 a. The endless frontier. 11 b. Planning 11 c. Import substitution in science 12 d. Elitism in technology and education. 12 4. New realities 14 a. Changes in the role of science and technology in the international scene. 14