掌握创新理论提高创新技术.pptVIP

第2号创新原理：抽取原理。两个给定的对象具有有害的、无用的、过度的或不需要的相互作用（功能），抽取原理告诉我们要“考虑去除（抽取）一个对象中的那些导致不受欢迎功能的部分、局部、性质或行为，同时要保留那些产生必需的有用的交互作用（功能）的部分、局部、性质或行为。” For example, if a light source is too hot to touch, use plastic light pipe to take out or separate the hot light from the location where the light is needed (providing cool light). 例如，如果一个光源过热的话，利用塑料的“光管”来将“热光”从需要光的地方“分出”或分离出来（以提供“冷光”）。 Another example: locate a noisy power source away from the point where its energy will be applied. 另一个例子：将产生噪音的能量源远离其能量被应用的地方。 (如:将潜水艇的声纳测定仪拖在离潜水艇较远的后面,以免受潜艇本身噪音的干扰) Still another example: solve a too much weight problem by taking out of a solid structural component the mass which only minimally contributes to the structures strength, as in an I-Beam. 还有一个例子：通过从一个固体的结构部件中抽取质量（该质量对结构强度的贡献很小），来解决“太重”的问题，就像在“工”字梁中那样。 Principle No. 7. Nested Doll or Matreshka Principle. Place one object inside another, and then place that object, in turn, inside another. For example: automobile aerials; presentation pointers; ball-point pens. 第7号创新原理：嵌套原理。将一个对象放入另一个对象内部，依此类推。例如：汽车天线；伸缩教鞭；圆珠笔。 例:反应釜的内盘肠 Principle No. 13. The Other Way Round Principle. Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g., instead of heating an object, cool it, etc.). 第13号创新原理：反向作用原理 If the problem is to provide close, effective whisker-cutting, while not cutting the skin, we might have to define a different local zone.. 如果问题是希望提供更紧密地、更加有效地“剃须”，同时还不能伤害皮肤。那么，可能就不得不定义一个不同的“局部区域”了。 Each problem has its own local zone, and it is important to know what and where it is, in order to effectively solve the problem 每个问题都有它自己的局部区域，局部区域对于我们了解“在哪里？到底发生了什么？”是非常重要的。只有确定了“局部区域”，才能有效地解决问题。 Secret 7. Often a problem can be solved, or a design challenge met, by using the idea of separation in time and space. Where a technical system is subjected to contradictory requirements, those requirements might be met by somehow separating them in time or space. 秘密 7：通常，如果一个技术系统中对某个参数出现了相互矛盾的需求，就可以利用“时间分离和空间分离”的思想，来解决具体问题或满足设计要求。将这些相互矛盾的需求在时间上或在空间上分隔开来。 E