超声心动图实用手册Practical Manual of Echocardiography_部分27精品.pdfVIP

Acute dyspnea and heart failure | 221 E/e’ of 8–15 is indeterminate; elevated pressures are suggested by one or more: SPAP ≥35 mm Hg (in absence of pulmonary disease); a change in E/A ratio with the Valsalva maneuver of 0.5; systolic peak velocity/diastolic peak velocity ratio in pulmonary venous flow of 1 measured by PW Doppler. In patients with normal EF (Figure 15.4): E/e’ ≤8 at either annulus suggest normal filling pressures. Average E/e’ ≥ 13 suggest elevated filling pressu