莎士比亚与同戏剧lecture10WilliamShakespeareandhisplays：Hamlet.pptVIP

Lecture 10William Shakespeare ＆ Hamlet;;1. A brief introduction to drama: The term comes from a?Greek?word meaning “action” (which is derived from the verb meaning “to do” or “to act”） . The drama is enacted in?theatre, performed by?actors?on a?stage before an?audience. The?structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by the collaborative production and collective reception.?; The?early modern?tragedy?Hamlet?(1601) by Shakespeare?and the?classical Athenian?tragedy?Oedipus the King?(c. 429 BC) by?Sophocles?（索福克勒斯） are among the masterpieces of the art of drama.?A modern example is?Long Days Journey into Night?by Eugene O’Neill?(1956). ;traditional generic?division： The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic?division between?comedy?and?tragedy. They are symbols of the?ancient Greek?Muses,?Thalia?and?Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). ;Elements： Drama is often combined with?music?and?dance: the drama in?opera is generally sung throughout;?musicals generally include both spoken?dialogue?and?songs; and some forms of drama have?incidental music or musical accompaniment underscoring the dialogue.?In certain periods of history (the ancient?Roman?and modern?Romantic) some dramas have been written to be?read?rather than performed. ;;2.1 Classical Greek drama ◆ Western?drama roughly originated in?the?theatre of ancient Greece 2500 years ago. ◆ three?genres?of drama :?tragedy,comdedy, and the satyr play. ; A?comedy?is any sort of performance intended to cause?laughter?or the emotions associated with laughter. ;Satyr plays?were an?ancient Greek?form of?tragicomedy, featured choruses of?satyrs, based on?Greek mythology, and rife with mock drunkenness, brazen sexuality, pranks, sight gags, and general merriment ; ◆ Only a small fraction of the work of five dramatists, however, has survived to this day. A