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量子力学与实验6
CN Chapter 6
CT Collision Theory
Problems for which the energy eigenvalues are continuously distributed usually arise in
connection with the collision of a particle with a force field. In a collision problem the
energy is specified in advance, the behavior of the wave function at great distance is found
in terms of it. This asymptotic behaviors can then be related to the amount of scattering
of the particle by the force. There are so few systems of physical interest for which exact
solutions can be found that approximation methods play an important part in applications
of the theory. Various methods that are useful in scattering problems are considered in this
chapter.
181
CHAPTER 6 – MANUSCRIPT
Figure 6.1: A one-dimensional square potential barrier of height V and thickness a.
A 6.1 Collisions in one- and three-dimensions
B 6.1.1 One-dimensional square potential barriers
We consider first the one-dimensional collision of a particle with the square potential barrier.
In this problem we are interested in a particle that approaches from the region of negative
x and is reflected or transmitted by the carrier. In the corresponding classical problem, the
particle is always reflected if its energy is less than that of the top of the barrier, and it is
always transmitted if the energy is great. We shall see that, in the quantum problem, both
reflection and transmission occur with finite probability for most energies of the particle.
Asymptotic behaviors
We are interested in representing a particle that approaches from the left with
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