试论湖南高庙文化和汤家岗文化的陶器装饰艺术及其演变.PDFVIP

试论湖南高庙文化和汤家岗文化的陶器装饰 艺术及其演变 ——兼论陶器纹饰所反映的宗教观念与审美意识 On the Decorative Art and Its Development of the Pottery from the Gaomiao Culture and the Tangjiagang Culture in Hunan—Also Covering the Religious Concepts and Aesthetic Consciousness Reflected in the Pottery Designs and Patterns 益阳市文物管理处 潘茂辉 Pan Maohui, Yiyang Municipal Administration of Cultural Relics 内容提要：高庙文化和汤家岗文化是湖南新石器时代以篦点纹作为主要装饰手段的 重要文化遗存。高庙文化以篦点纹组成凤鸟载日纹、獠牙兽面纹等图案；汤家岗文 化以篦点纹组成各种几何图形；从凤鸟载日纹、獠牙兽面纹到几何组合图形，它们 之间似存在着内在的必然联系；究其原因，是文化渗透与影响，还是文化的拓展与 迁徙？本文认为，精美的篦点纹装饰图案，也并非单纯的“审美”，而是具有高于 实用陶器的特殊社会功能；它们所蕴涵的文化内涵是原始宗教、礼仪或巫术与审美 意识相交织而难于分割的意识形态统一体。 关键词：高庙文化 汤家岗文化 纹饰分类 特征 演化 审美意识 宗教观念 Abstract: The Gaomiao Culture and the Tangjiagang Culture are important cultural remains of the Neolithic Period in Hunan, characterized by the use of dot patterns created by fine-toothed combs as the main decorative means. The Gaomiao Culture features such motifs as the phoenix carrying the sun and beasts with sharp tusks composed of these dot patterns while the Tangjiagang Culture features various geometric motifs composed of such dot patterns. From the motifs of the phoenix carrying the sun and beasts with sharp tusks to the various geometric motifs, there certainly exist some intrinsic necessary connections. Is this cultural infiltration and influence or cultural development and migration? The author observe it as this: these exquisite decorative motifs formed by dot patterns are not created simply for “appreciation of the beauty”; rather, they possess special social functions well above the practical function of these pottery objects. The cultural connotation they contain is the mingling but inseparable ideological unity of primitive religion, rite or sorcery and aesthetic consciousness. Key words: the Gao