Multi-UserCapacityandOpportunisticCommunication多用户.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Overall Performance Improvement Mobile environment: 3 km/hr, Rayleigh fading Fixed environment: 2Hz Rician fading with Efixed/Escattered =5. Smart vs Dumb Antennas Space-time codes improve reliability of point-to-point links but reduce multiuser diversity gain. Dumb (random beamforming) antennas add fluctuations to point-to-point links but increases multiuser diversity gains. Cellular System: Opportunistic Nulling In a cellular systems, users are scheduled when their channel is strong and the interference from adjacent base-stations is weak. Multiuser diversity allows interference avoidance. Dumb antennas provides opportunistic nulling for users in other cells (a.k.a interference diversity). Particularly important in interference-limited systems with no soft handoff. Conventional vs Opportunistic Communication Extra Slides: not covered… Uplink and Downlink Capacity CDMA and OFDM are specific multiple access schemes. But information theory tells us what is the capacity of the uplink and downlink channels and the optimal multiple access schemes. Example of Rate Adaptation:1xEV-DO Downlink Multiple access is TDMA via scheduling. Each user is rate-controlled rather than power-controlled. (But no waterfilling: fixed transmit power, different code/modulation rates.) Rate Control: Adaptive Modulation/Coding Mobile measures the channel based on the pilot and predicts the SINR to request a rate. SINR Prediction Uncertainty 3 km/hr 30 km/hr 120 km/hr accurate prediction of instantaneous SINR. conservative prediction of SINR. accurate prediction of average SINR for a fast fading channel Incremental ARQ A conservative prediction leads to a lower requested rate. At such rates, data is repeated over multiple slots. If channel is better than predicted, the number of repeated slots may be an overkill. This inefficie