管理学原理Ch3 environment.pptVIP

Part II Decision Making and Planning 决策与计划 Planning: Defining objectives and goals Establishing strategy Developing subplans to coordinate activities. Ch3:Management Environment经营条件研究 Ch4:Mangaging in a global environment Ch5:Decision Making 决策理论 Ch6:Planning 计划制定 Ch7: Strategic Management Chapter 3 Management Environment 3.1 Why it’s important External and internal environment External environment: to forces and institutions outside the organization that potentially can affect the organization’s performance. General environment Specific environment 3.2 Business environment External environment - forces and institutions outside the organization that may affect organizational performance 3.2.1 General Environment includes the broad conditions that may affect organizations 1、Political/legal Conditions Political conditions - general stability of country attitudes of governmental officials toward business Legal conditions - federal, state, and local regulation limit choices available to organizations The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. 1.How stable is the political environment? 2.Will government policy influence laws that regulate or tax your business? 3.What is the governments position on marketing ethics? 4. What is the governments policy on the economy? 5. Does the government have a view on culture and religion? 6. Is the government involved in trading agreements such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, or others? 2、Economic Conditions interest rates、changes in disposable income、inflation、long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita、stage of the business cycle 经济发展水平：美国学者罗斯顿(W.W. Rostow)“经济成长阶段”理论. (1)传统经济社会； (2)经济起飞前的准备阶段； (3)经济起飞阶段； (4)迈向经济成熟阶段； (5)大量消费阶段。 经济指标 GDP GDP per capita ? 基尼系数 个人可支配收入 disposable income CPI