15.翻译虚实转换 .pptVIP

* SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Chinese-English Translation SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Li Guidong　 虚实转换指的是将抽象概念具体化或具体概念抽象化的过程。 在表达同一事物或概念时，汉英两个民族在民族思维、文化背景以及语言表达习惯等方面存在差异。 通常来说，英语重抽象，汉语重具象。因而在英译汉时，更多进行虚实的处理。 翻译的虚实转换 He waited of her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 A good friend should be one offering timely help. 真正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭。 At the age of 16, he had already learned what it was to an orphan. 16岁的时候，他就已经品尝到了孤儿的滋味。 翻译的虚实转换 那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。 That young man has great courage, indeed! 她毛遂自荐来到这所小学做老师。 She volunteered to the teaching post in this primary school. 半夜听到狼嚎，他感到毛骨悚然。 He was horror-stricken when he heard the cries of the wolves at midnight. 翻译的虚实转换 他万万没有想到，在他前进的道路上竟会有这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 我们都是来自五湖四海。 We hail from all corners of the country. 翻译的虚实转换 轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼练成一片水晶宫，是仙境？是梦幻？仰视彩鸽翩飞，低眸漂灯流霓，…… 翻译的虚实转换 The lightsome dragon-boats appear on the rivers as though the stars twinkle in the milk way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendid awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairy land or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. 翻译的虚实转换 汉语的景物描写大多文笔优美，用词凝练含蓄、音韵和美，语言近乎诗化，讲究“情景交融”、“诗情画意”，追求细想的朦胧美。英语则不同，在描写景物的时候，其表达客观具体，精细深刻，描绘直观可感，写景手法上多诉诸于具象的景物罗列，具有真实自然的理性之美。 翻译的虚实转换 Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. Then came the twilight colours of sea and heaven, the wine pink width of water merging into lawns of aquamarines, the sky a tender palette of pink and blue. 翻译的虚实转换 英汉语言各自有不同的虚实情形。 一方面，汉英之间存在着虚实对应：汉语的虚在低层次上表现在一些字词外延、内涵的非确定性，高层次上则表现为认知方式的神秘性、感悟性、整体性，而英语讲究准确界定、条分缕析，注重分析和实证。 另一方面，在一些领域中汉英之间又存在着实虚对应：汉语没有曲折变化，讲究指称具体、语言和思维生动、形象，而英语由于曲折变化和曲折