Learning mechanisms in pain chronification—teachings from placebo research（从安慰剂研究看疼痛时间教学的学习机制）.pdfVIP

Biennial Review of Pain Learning mechanisms in pain chronification—teachings from placebo research Martin Ingvar Abstract This review presents a general model for the understanding of pain, placebo, and chronification of pain in the framework of cognitive neuroscience. The concept of a computational cost-function underlying the functional imaging responses to placebo manipulations is put forward and demonstrated to be compatible with the placebo literature including data that demonstrate that placebo r