英汉翻译第11章节(定语从句).ppt

本课件版权属于河北工程大学经管学院徐运红老师。版权所属，谨慎使用！ English-Chinese Translation （英汉翻译 ） Linda 第十一章 定语从句的翻译 定语从句是汉语中没有，英语中广泛使用的从句之一。 英国语法家罗伯特.瓦伦丁（Robert Balentine）: “Attributives are to a sentence what feather are to a peacock. As fine feathers make a fine bird, so graceful attributes make a graceful sentence.” “定语之于句子，犹如羽毛之于孔雀。只有漂亮的羽毛才能装饰成美丽的孔雀；同样，优雅的定语才能修饰出美妙的句子。” 英语定语成分与汉语定语成分差异： 1.从位置上看，汉语中定语一般前置，且不宜过长，汉语习惯用短词，短句；英语中的除单词外的定语一般后置，长而复杂。 2.从功能上看，汉语的定语只对中心词起修饰和限定作用，而英语的定语成分除起修饰和限定作用之外，还含有补充，交代细节，分层叙述，以及表示条件，原因，目的，结果，让步，转折或假设等关系。 一、限定性定语从句 （一）前置法 They were sons of the men who had left their homes and gone to the mountains with their broads swords by their side. 他们就是那些抛妻别子，身背大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名 The Tao that is utterable is not the external Tao; the name that is namable is not the external name. （二）后置法 1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命。 The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. The snake catches the toad that eats the insects that nibbles the green leaves. 狮子吃斑马，斑马吃青草。虫子吃绿叶，蛤蟆嚼虫子，蛇吞癞蛤蟆。 2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词 A fuel is a material that will burn under a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。 （三）融合法 There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 “we are a nation that must beg to stay a live” said he. 我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。 （二）后置法 （1）译成并列分句 1.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在译文中后置 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布利特尔关，布利特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听见。 厂长已决定让300多名工人下岗，对此他们本人暂时还一无所知。 The factory director has decided to lay off over three hundred workers, none of whom knows anything about it. 2.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在译文中前置 World warⅡ was ,however, more complex than World warⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets , resources and territ