第一讲--上古神话.pptVIP

第一讲 上古神话 向珈谊 一、神话概说 1.何谓神话？ 原始先民想象性的认识产物，寄托了人类对远古时代的追忆和昔日世界的印象。 人类童年幻想的表达，体现了蒙昧与野蛮时期某种朦胧的宇宙观、自然观，历史观及生存意识。（荣格） 2.典型的神话 《山海经》、《楚辞》、《庄子》、《盘古开天辟地》、《盘古化生万物》、《夸父追日》、《羿射九日》、《精卫填海》、《女娲造人》 女娲补天 Nü Wa Mends the Sky 选自《淮南子。览冥训》，并非单纯言补天之事还涉及治水之事 原文： 往古之时，四极废，九州裂，天不兼覆，地不周载；火爁(làn 焚烧)焱(yàn,火花，火焰)而不灭，水浩洋而不息。猛兽食颛(zhuān善良：颛民:善良的百姓,)民，鸷(zhì,凶猛)鸟攫（jué，抓取：攫取（掠夺）。攫夺）老弱。 In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed and the world with its nine regions split open. The sky could not cover all the things under it, nor could the earth carry all the things on it. A great fire raged and would not die out; a fierce flood raced about and could not be checked. Savage beasts devoured innocent people; vicious birds preyed on the weak and old. 于是女娲炼五色石以补苍天，断鳌足以立四极，杀黑龙以济冀州，积芦灰以止淫水。 Then Nü Wa melted rocks of five colours and used them to mend the cracks in the sky. She supported the four corners of the sky with the legs she had cut off from a giant turtle. She killed the black dragon to save the people of Jizhou, and blocked the flood with the ashes of reeds. 苍天补，四极正；淫水涸，冀州平；狡虫死，颛民生；背方州，抱圆天。当此之时，禽兽虫蛇，无不匿其爪牙，藏其蛰毒，无有攫噬之心。 Thus the sky was mended, its four corners lifted, the flood tamed, Jizhou pacified, and harmful birds and beasts killed, and the innocent people were able to live on the square earth under the dome of the sky. It was a time when birds, beasts, insects and snakes no longer used their claws or teeth or poisonous stings, for they did not want to catch or eat weaker things. 考其功烈，上际九天，下契(qiè 古同“锲”，用刀子刻。)黄垆(lú,黑色坚硬的土)，名声被后世，光晖熏万物。 Nü Was deeds benefited the heavens above and the earth below. Her name was remembered by later generations and her light shone on every creation. ? 翻译练习： 后羿射日?［汉］刘安? ?逮至尧之时，十日并出，焦禾稼，杀1草木，而民无所食。猰貐2（ya\yu\/）、凿齿3、九婴4、大风5、封豨6、修蛇7皆为民害。尧乃使羿诛凿齿于畴华8之野，杀九婴于凶水9之上，缴大风于青丘10之泽，上射十日而下杀猰貐，断修蛇于洞庭11，擒封希于桑林12。万民皆喜。置尧以为天子。??? 【注释】?1.?后羿：传说中的英雄，善射，射九日，天下安。 ?2.?猰貐：传说中的食人怪兽。 ?3.?凿齿：长有象凿子一样的长牙，用凿齿掠食人类，?