Introduction to Computer Hardware文档.pptVIP

Introduction to Computer Hardware Sun Liangliang 2008.10.27 * Definition of a Computer “A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), process data arithmetically and logically, produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use.” * Introduction to Computer Hardware Hardware Hardware is everything you can touch and see Examples: CPU , Memory ,Motherboard, Monitor, hard drive, CD-ROM, computer cables, keyboard, mouse, modem, printer, etc. * Contents CPU Memory Motherboard Hard disk * The Processor Unit The Processor Unit is comprised of two components: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory * CPU(Central Process Unit) * CPU Interprets instructions to the computer Performs logical and arithmetic operations Causes the input and output operations to occur A Core Microprocessor can perform more than 2 billion instructions per second * CPU TYPES Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Motorola X86 family of processors: 8080, 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium (P5), Pentium Pro, Pentium II,Core,Core, MMX - additions to the CPU programming that allow for better and faster multimedia tasks like graphics and sound. * Cache Temporary holding area where the system stores frequently accessed information Allows the processor to operate faster Size measured in KB or MB (e.g. 256K or 512 K) * Motherboard * Motherboard * Memory * Computer Memory RAM - Random Access Memory Computer’s primary storage of data to be processed Silicon chips that store data and instructions as electronic currents Contents of RAM will be lost when power is turned off * Computer Memory Usually measured in GB or MB (e.g.: 512 MB of RAM) 1024 MB approximately = 1 GB 1 MB contains approximately 500 pages of text information. More RAM = faster processing rate Applications determine how much RAM needed * Computer Memory ROM - Read Only Memory Instructions and data