国外认知心理学课件6Chapter9_000.ppt

Motivation and Emotion Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Learning Objective Menu LO 9.1 Motivation LO 9.2 Instinct approaches to motivation LO 9.3 Drive-reduction approaches to motivation LO 9.4 Three types of needs LO 9.5 Arousal approaches to motivation LO 9.6 Incentive approaches to motivation LO 9.7 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs LO 9.8 Self-determination theory of motivation LO 9.9 Bodily causes of hunger LO 9.10 Social factors influencing hunger LO 9.11 Some problems in eating behavior LO 9.12 Biological factors of obesity LO 9.13 Three elements of emotion LO 9.14 James-Lange theory of emotion LO 9.15 Cannon-Bard theory of emotion LO 9.16 Cognitive arousal theory of emotion LO 9.17 Schacter and Singer’s classic study of emotion LO 9.18 Facial feedback hypothesis LO 9.19 Cognitive-mediational theory LO 9.20 Positive psychology movement Motivation Motivation - the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. Extrinsic motivation - type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person. Instinct Approaches to Motivation Instincts - the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals. Instinct approach - approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by instincts similar to those of animals. Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation Need - a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism. Drive - a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension. Drive-reduction theory - approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal. Drive Reduction Theory of Moti