ch5：OSI层次：传输层.ppt

Functions of OSI Layers(IV) TCP Service Model Applications access TCP services through “sockets” Socket is presented as “(IP address，port)” Every connection is expressed as (socketsource, socketdestination), which is a point-to-point full-duplex channel TCP does not support multicast and broadcast TCP Service Model Problems must be solved in TCP: Reliable transfer Flow control Sliding window congestion avoidance… Connection management Establish connection：three handshakes Release connection： four handshakes TCP Protocol TCP Protocol Code Bits: URG：work with the urgency pointer to send the urgency data ACK：this segment is an ACK segment PSH：No data cache will done in both source and destination host. Data will be send or receive immediately RST：reset the connection because of the faults unable to be recovered SYN：indicate connection establishing FIN：indicate connection releasing TCP Protocol Hosts exchange data by using segment(TPDU) between each other Each segment has a header of 20 bytes(except optional parts) and 0 or more data bytes The size of the segment must be matched with IP packets，and also must satisfy the demand of bottom layers. For example, the MTU(Maximal Transfer Unit) of Ethernet is 1500 bytes Each byte has a 32 bits sequence number Sliding window protocol is used in TCP to control the data flow. In the protocol, the sequence number of the ACK segment is just the sequence number ought to be received TCP: Establish Connection Setup connection: three handshakes Server: executes LISTEN and ACCEPT primitive，and monitors passively Client: executes CONNECT primitive, generate a TCP segment with SYN=1 and ACK=0,which stands for connection request The first handshake TCP: Establish Connection Server receives the TCP segment and check if there is service process monitoring the required port. If none process is monitoring the port, answer a TCP segment with RST=1 If there is any service process monitoring the port, the process can decide reject or accept the