语法第9讲：虚拟语气教学讲义.pptVIP

专转本语法第九讲： 虚拟语气;虚拟语气;语气的定义和分类;英语中语气的种类;⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ② Don ’ t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。;⑶ 虚拟语气 ： 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实 ， 而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly far far away from here. ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。;Definition;虚拟语气是英语学习中的一个难点，也是大学英语测试中最重要的语法考点之一。测试内容涉及到虚拟语气的方方面面——从在含非真实条件的主从句中的应用，到在各种从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句)中的应用。 虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反的行为或状态，其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是考生感到困惑和容易出错的地方。解此类试题时，关键是要迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式，或根据结构或题句中的其他暗示，确定动词的形式。;;时间;If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形;If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +完成式;与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语);If you _____tomorrow, you _____ find the new manager working in the office. ;;I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.;If the whole operation before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A) was not planned B) has not been planned C) had not been planned D) were not planned 由主句的谓语动词would have been lost可以判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，if引导的从句须用过去完成时，故C项为正确答案。本题句意是：如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱。;Jean doesn‘t want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got because引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，if条件从句谓语动词的时态应与wouldnt be able to 对应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应用should或were to+动词原形，因此B项正确。本题句意是：吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为她考虑到一旦上班，她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们。;;条件状语的倒装：; right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left 从句子结构可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语是“would+动词原形”，则从句的谓语应用“were to+动词原形”或“should+动词原形”。同时，从句省略了连词if，可以将were提前，构成倒装。只有C项符合语法规则，为正确答案。本题句意是：如果她马上动身的话，她可能在星期天到达那里。; for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not bee