学术英语(学生资料)unit5.pptVIP

7 Writing an abstract Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay 1 Function: Introduce the problem 2 Function: State the objective 3 Function: Describe the method; 4 Function: State the principal process 5 Function: Outline chief results 6 Function: Make recommendations 7 Writing an abstract Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay Marijuana is a drug of controversy in medical history. Whether its ultimate effects are harmful, harmless or beneficial to human functioning remains to be investigated [problem]. This paper focuses on the study of the physical effects of Marijuana uses [objective]. Based on previous research, the study divided the physical effects of marijuana use into the short-term effects and long-term ones, according to its frequency, duration and intensity of physical symptoms [method]. The studies indicated that an increase of pulse rate and changes in blood sugar pressures are two remarkable signs of short-term effects together with the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, headache and so on. It was also found that the chronic use of marijuana may weaken one’s immune system and interfere with DNA production in terms of long-term effects [findings]. Rules for writing a reference list 8 Writing a reference list Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay Rules for writing a reference list: 1) Place the reference list after the last section of the essay. 2) Do not include sources which have not been cited in the text of the essay. 3) Start each item in the list at the left margin. If an item extends to more than one line, indent the additional lines. 4) Use the last or family name and initials (not full names) for all authors. 5) Arrange the items in the alphabetical order of authors’ family names. Unit 5Writing an AcademicEssay 8 Writing a reference list Formality How to make your writing more formal Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Text 19 Research Reports for Business and Technical Writing Hedging Common hedging expressions T