中西文化与思维差异 .pptVIP

* * * Western Encyclopedia arranged by classification Animals, plants, objects are divided, sub-divided … 西方的百科全书层层切分，种类归属分明。 Classification Units of Plants and Animals: kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, species 界、门、纲、目、科、属、种 * Chinese Leishu A collection of political, social and ethical data arranged circularly in an emperor-centered fashion. 中国古代类书是以皇帝为中心的环式体例。 唐代《艺文类聚》、宋代《太平御览》、 明代《永乐大典》、清代《古今图书集成》 * Western Articles Clear division in the organization of articles title, sub-title, chapters, sections, paragraphs topic sentences 西方文章，标题、章、节、段细分明切，段中一般都有主题句，脉路清晰，一目了然。 * Chinese Articles Unity, harmony, transition and correspondence are given much attention. 中国文章强调起承转合，注重通篇的过渡自然及和谐一致。 The Eight-part Essay 八股文分为破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股、落下等组成部分。在起股、中股、后股、束股4个部分，各有两股互相对应的文字，共有八股。八股也称八比，比是对偶的意思。 * Western medicine, examine parts of the body through tests, X-rays, NMR, etc. 西医看病，先给病人胸透、胃透、验血、验尿、核磁共振，分而检之，再作诊断。 Chinese medicine, general physical condition, pulse, complexion, tongue coating 中医看病，望、闻、问、切，注意的是全身性的综合症状 。 * Western cuisine strictly-followed recipe, ingredients of precise quantity 西餐厨师烹饪，各种配料严格计量，操作程序步步分清。 Chinese cuisine casual mixing of ingredients intuitive acquisition of the skill through repeated practice 中餐厨师学厨艺，并不注重定量描述，而是通过模仿，直觉地把握师傅的烹饪技术。 * Western painting likeness in appearance emphasis on details: lines, shades of color, light spectrum … 西方油画注重形似， 通过线条、色彩、光线 等细节刻意仿真。 Chinese Painting resemblance in spirit/essence emphasis on general effect, imagination, exaggeration … 中国画追求神似，运用概括、夸张的手法及丰富的联想表现物象的神韵。 * Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), line of conquest (Macedonia, Greece, Palestine, Syria, Iran, India, Egypt) 亚历山大大帝戎马一生，驰骋欧亚非大陆，实现线性的