从宏观量子电动力学分析色散力外文翻译.docVIP

附 录 附录A：英文原文 Dispersion Forces within the Framework of Macroscopic QED Christian Raabe and Dirk-Gunnar Welsch Abstract. Dispersion forces, which material objects in the ground state are subject to, originate from the Lorentz force with which the fluctuating, object-assisted electromagnetic vacuum acts on the fluctuating charge and currentdensities associated with the objects. We calculate them within the frame-work of macroscopic QED, considering magnetodielectric objects described in terms of spatially varying permittivities and permeabilities which are complex functions of frequency. The result enables us to give a unified approach to dispersion forces on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Keywords: dispersion forces, Lorentz-force approach, QED in linear causal media 1. Introduction As known, electromagnetic fields can exert forces on electrically neutral, unpolar-ized and unmagnetized material objects, provided that these are polarizable and/or magnetizable. Classically, it is the lack of precise knowledge of the state of the sources of a field what lets one resort to a probabilistic description of the field, so that, as a matter of principle, a classical field can be non-fluctuating. In practice, this would be the case when the sources, and thus the field, were under strict de-terministic control. In quantum mechanics, the situation is quite different, as field fluctuations are present even if complete knowledge of the quantum state would be achieved; a strictly non-probabilistic regime simply does not exist. Similarly, polarization and magnetization of any material object are fluctuating quantities in quantum mechanics. As a result, the interaction of the fluctuating electromagnetic vacuum with the fluctuating polarization and magnetization of material objects in the ground state can give rise to non-vanishing Lorentz forces; these are commonly referred to as dispersion forces. In the following we will refer to dispersion forces acting between atoms, bet