英语考级基本语法，重难点汇编.docVIP

语态 英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 语态的作用：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。 语态的选用：如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。 例如：We clean the room every day. 如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的对象，谓语则是要用被动语态。 例如：The room is cleaned every day. 被动语态的各种形式 以ask 为例列表如下： 时态 方式 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现 在 Amis????askedare amis being askedare has / have been asked 过去 was / were asked was / were being asked had been asked 将来 shall / will be asked ? shall / will have been asked 过去将来 should / would be asked ? should / would have been asked 将来完成时和过去完成时的被动语态形式实际上很少使用。将来进行时态和完成进行时态都没有被动语态形式。如果这些结构要变为被动语态，可以用完成时态或一般时态。 例 1.A）We have been discussing the problem for two days.?????????B）The problem has been discussed for two days.?????????我们讨论这个问题已经两天了。 例 2.A）We shall be discussing it tomorrow.?????????B）It will be discussed tomorrow.动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.  考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句，或主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…,这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought…【例如】 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national exam. It was reported that 60% students in the university had passed CET-6.60% students in the university were reported to have passed CET-6.考点四：特殊的被动结构 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 【例如】The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. This instrument must be handled with great care. In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things.