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The Transformational-Generative Grammar The Generative Approach Generative Grammar means “ a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences”一套用来给句子进行结构描写、定义明确严格的规则系统. He believes that every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. A generative grammar is not limited to particular languages, but to reveal the unity of particular grammars and universal grammars揭示个别语法与普遍语法的统一性. * The Transformational-Generative Grammar It does not describe one language as an end , but as a means to explore the universal rules in the hope of revealing human cognitive systems. In a sense, the way a linguist does his work is just contrary to the way a child learns his native language. While a child develops his particular grammar from a universal grammar, a linguist tries to discover a universal grammar from particular grammars. The classical theory古典理论: In the Classical Theory, Chomsky’s aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is characterised by three features: * The Transformational-Generative Grammar 1)Emphasis on generative ability of language.2) introduction of transformational rules.3) grammatical description regardless of meaning. He put forward three kinds of grammar: finite state grammar有限状态语法, phrase structure grammar短语结构语法, and transformational grammar转化语法. A finite state grammar is the simplest type of grammar which can generate an infinite number of sentences. But they are all very simple in their structure. He believes that it is necessary to work out a grammar with a finite set of rules, can generate all the grammatical sentences in a language without generating a single non-grammatical sentence. A grammar is seen as system of finite有限的 * The Transformational-Generative Grammar rules generating an infinite number of sentences. * The Transformational-Generative Grammar Phrase Structure Grammar consist solely of phrase-struc