(重力势能).pptVIP

7.1 Work and energy Work and energy 1 Work When a force moves something, work is done. a meaning of work a meaning of work a meaning of work 3 things happen when work is done: a meaning of work Work a meaning of work  If there is no motion along the force direction, no work is done on the object even though a force is exerted on it. b work (non-parallel cases) 2 Mechanical energy Energy exists in many different forms. a Kinetic energy (KE) b Gravitational potential energy (PE) c Elastic potential energy (彈力勢能) 3 Energy transferred and work Work is done whenever energy is transferred from one form to another. 3 Energy transferred and work 3 Energy transferred and work 3 Energy transferred and work Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Q1 Which of the following... Q2 A block of weight W... Q3 The following screw... Q3 The following screw... 1 A stone is released from a catapult and goes at a high speed. Where does the energy of the stone come from? The strings of the catapult. The hand’s muscles. The frame of the catapult. ? In everyday language, work may mean anything that people do. a Meaning of work What is work then? In physics, work is done whenever A transfers energy to B by forcing B to have a displacement. force in the direction of displacement ? displacement W = F//s F s Work is calculated by: Work = 3 Energy transfer 2 Displacement of object 1 Application of force Scalar (has magnitude only, no direction) Unit: N m or J 1 J of work is done when a force of 1 N moves a distance of 1 m in the direction of the force. F E.g.: Carrying a load is tiring, but no work is done on it. Why? There is no displacement (s = 0) along the direction of force. standing still When force makes ? with displacement, ? only component of the force in the direction of displacement counts F W = Fs cos ? ? this component // forward motion F F cos ? F sin ? ? s W = F//s = (F cos ?)s = F (s cos ?) = Fs// But we shall only study the different forms of mechanical energy. Elas