的小球在水中受的浮力为常力.pptVIP

* Forces Application of Newton’s Laws 1. Forces There are four fundamental forces : gravitational force , electromagnetic force , strong force , weak force . Force Relative strength Range Importance Strong electromagnetic weak gravitational 1 10-2 10-5 10-39 10-13cm 10-13cm Infinite Infinite Hold nucleus together Friction , tension , etc. Nuclear decay Organizes universe P195 An object moving through a fluid experiences a force of viscosity . When the object moves at a relatively low velocity the viscous force may be approximated by assuming that it is proportional to the velocity . Where ? is the coefficient of viscosity . K depends on the shape of the object . 2. Viscous force The viscous force acting on a sphere takes the simple form : P202 P233 - 234 3. Application of Newton’s laws Example 1 A 3.0 kg monkey holds on to a light rope , which passes over a frictionless pulley and is attached to a 4.0 kg bunch of bananas . What is the acceleration of the system ? b m P206 Example 2 A puck of mass m on a frictionless table is attached to a mass M by a light string which passes through a hole in the table . Of the many types of motion possible in this situation , we are interested in the case in which the puck , having been given an initial push , is found moving in a circle of radius r , while the mass M remains at rest . We want to know the speed of the puck in this case . P207 Example 3 A bug walks radially outward on a record that is rotating at an angular speed ?=45rpm ( revolution per minute ) . If the coefficient of static friction between the bug and the record is 0.08 , how far can it walk before it slips ? P212 - 213 Example 4 Find the terminal speed of a raindrop , assuming it to have a radius of 0.2 mm and using the density of water to be 1.0?103 kg/m3 . Compare the value with a speed of a raindrop falling in a vacuum from 1.6 km . (?=1.8?10-5 Ns/m2) When the raindrop falls with a constant speed , which is called terminal speed vL . P234