太阳发出的强大的高速带电粒子.pptVIP

Refraction of Light form 3 Physics Project Outline Bending Light Apparent Depth Inside reflections Light Light is not only what our eyes can see. In general we call everything in the electromagnetic spectrum – gamma rays and X-rays down to microwaves and radio waves – light: We can think of light as wave or particles – it has wavelengths and frequencies and consists of photons. bending light Why does the pencil / chopstick appear bent? Light ray is bent as it passes from one medium to another. It is due to light travelling at different speeds in the two media. It is called refraction of light. density of medium Medium A transparent material through which light travels density of medium laws of refraction When a ray of light passes from one medium to another, ? the incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in the same plane, ? sin i sin r which is called Snell’s Law Snell’s Law was discovered by Snell, a Dutch scientist, in 1621 and so was named after him. refractive index The refractive index of a medium is sin i sin r where i and r are the angle of incidence and angle of refraction respectively when a ray of light enters the medium from air. Refractive indices of various materials Example 1 A ray of light passes from water into glass. Given angle of incidence is 30o. 1.33 sin 30o = 1.5 sin r where r = angle of refraction r = 26.3o Example 2 A light beam enters a piece of glass from the vacuum at 60o from the normal as shown and bends to 45o from the normal once inside the glass. n sin(45o) = sin60o where n = index of refraction of the glass n = 1.22 A prism is a block of glass or other transparent material, usually having a triangular base. When a beam of narrow white light passes through a prism, the beam is refracted and splits into all the colours of the rainbow. The effect is called dispersion. 太陽發出的強大的高速帶電粒子，流射入地球外圍高空大氣層時，與稀薄