se04c人机界面设计.ppt

山西财经大学信息管理学院 软 件 工 程 第4章C 人机界面设计 主要内容 人机交互(HCI) 用户界面应具备的特性 用户界面设计的任务分析 用户模型和观点 用户界面任务和工作设计 界面设计的基本类型 人机交互(HCI) Human the end-user of a program the others in the organization Computer the machine the program runs on Interaction the user tells the computer what they want the computer communicates results 什么是人机交互? 用户接口 Part of a software program that allows user to interact with computer user to carry out their task HCI = design, prototyping, evaluation, and implementation of user interfaces (UIs) 为何研究人机接口 Major part of work for “real” programs approximately 50% You will work on “real” software intended for users other than yourself Bad user interfaces cost money (5 % satisfaction - profits by up to 85 %) lives User interfaces are hard to get right people are unpredictable 谁来构造 UIs? A team of specialists (ideally) graphic designers interaction / interface designers technical writers marketers test engineers software engineers 如何构造UI Design cycle User-centered design Task analysis Rapid prototyping Evaluation Programming Iteration UI Design Cycle User-centered Design “Know Your User” Cognitive abilities perception physical manipulation memory Organizational / job abilities Keep users involved throughout project Task Analysis Observe existing work practices Create examples and scenarios of actual use Try-out new ideas before building software Rapid Prototyping Build a mock-up of design Low fidelity(低逼真度） techniques paper sketches cut, copy, paste video segments Interactive prototyping tools Visual Basic, HyperCard, Director, etc. UI builders NeXT Evaluation Test with real users (participants) Build models Low-cost techniques expert evaluation walkthroughs Programming Toolkits UI Builders Event models Input / Ouput models etc. Iteration At every stage! 用户界面应具备的特性 可使用性 使用的简单性 用户界面中的术语标准化和一致性 拥有HELP帮助功能 快速的系统响应和低的系统成本 用户界面应具有容错能力 灵活性 算法的可隐可显性 用户可以根据需要制定和修改界面方式 能够按照用户的希望和需要，提供不同详细程度的系统响应信息 与其它软件系统应有标准的界面 为使用户界面具有一定的灵活性，需要付出代价，而且有可能降低软件系统的运行效率。 复杂性和可靠性