输电线路论文：输电线路 暂态模型 雷击过电压 绝缘配合 EMTP-ATP.doc

输电线路论文：输电线路 暂态模型 雷击过电压 绝缘配合 EMTP-ATP 【中文摘要】雷电冲击过电压是确定变电站绝缘水平主要因素。雷击过电压的水平很难通过实验观察,因此数值计算软件成为主要的分析工具,EMTP软件得到广泛应用。过电压计算是决定输电线路和变压器绝缘配合的主要依据,因此有必要精确计算雷击过电压的幅值及过电压波形。鉴于此,本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作：首先,本文深入地探讨了输电线路的三种仿真模型——π模型、常参数模型、Marti模型,并且对这三种模型在输电线路暂态计算的适用性进行了比较。π模型使用并联导纳矩阵和串联阻抗矩阵,它具有很好的稳定性,特短线路下它具有足够的精度,并且能够使用更小的求解步长。常参数模型的特点是电阻、电感、电容、电导等线路参数不会随频率的改变而发生变化。Marti模型考虑了高频时电阻的增大,在仿真中有着更强的阻尼作用。本文建议使用1MHz的π模型。其次,从理论上分析了电力系统输电线路和变电站的防雷保护。输电线路上的雷击过电压有直击雷过电压和感应雷过电压,其中直击雷过电压对电力系统产生更大的危害。变电站的雷击危害包括直击雷和雷电侵入波,其中雷电侵入波对变电站的破坏更应该重视。研究了雷击过电压下电气设备的绝缘配合即变电站中变压器绝缘水平和避雷器的保护水平的配合。最后,本文研究了电力系统中的各元件在雷电暂态中的模型,如输电线路,铁塔,绝缘子闪络,GIS母线,避雷器,变压器,电缆等的模型,给出了分析雷击过电压的EMTP仿真方法,对特高压,超高压电力系统的设计和绝缘配合提供了依据。本文以220kV的GIS变电站为研究算例,分析了雷击输电线路时,变压器端的过电压水平。本文讨论了部分雷电暂态模型的使用中的局限性和存在的问题,提出了更进一步研究的必要性。 【英文摘要】A lightning surge overvoltage is a dominant factor to determine the insulation level of a substation. It is very hard to observe the lightning overvoltage experimentally, and thus a numerical simulation has been adopted to investigate it. EMTP has been widely used since the 1970s with increasing usage of digital computer. For insulation co-ordination in transmission lines and substation equipments, it is necessary to accurately predict the lightning surge overvoltage that occurs in power system. The magnitude and waveshape of this overvoltage arriving at the terminating transformer is greatly affected by the use of the arrester at the terminating transformer. The thesis mainly focuses on the following aspects:First, three typical kinds of transient model for transmission line are studied in this thesis. They areπmodel, constant parameter model and Marti model.πmodel is a line model which transforms line parameters into parallel admittance matrix and parallel series impedance matrix. It is the most stable model and with very high accurate in the very short line. Also, it may use very small step time for delta-t. Constant parameter model is characterized by resistance, inductance, capacitance, conductivity and other line para