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Verification of universal relations in a strongly interacting Fermi gas J. T. Stewart, J. P. Gaebler,∗ T. E. Drake, and D. S. Jin† 0 JILA, Quantum Physics Division, National Institute of 1 0 2 Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, b University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA e F (Dated: February 9, 2010) 9 ] Abstract s a Many-body fermion systems are important in many branches of physics, including condensed g - t matter, nuclear, and now cold atom physics. In many cases, the interactions between fermions n a u can be approximated by a contact interaction. A recent theoretical advance in the study of these q t. systems is the derivation of a number of exact universal relations that are predicted to be valid for a m all interaction strengths, temperatures, and spin compositions [1–6]. These equations, referred to - d as the Tan relations, relate a microscopic quantity, namely, the amplitude of the high-momentum n o tail of the fermion momentum distribution, to the thermodynamics of the many-body system. In c [ this work, we provide experimental verification of the Tan relations in a strongly interacting gas of 1 v fermionic atoms. Specifically, we measure the fermion momentum distribution using two different 7 8 techniques, as well as the rf excitation spectrum and determine the effect of interactions on these 9 1. microscopic probes. We then measure the potential energy and release energy of the trapped gas 2 0 and test the predicted universal relations. 0 1 : v i X r a