-第七章 流程策略28.docVIP

第七章 流程策略 主要内容 7.1 四种流程策略[Four Process Strategies] 工艺专业化Process Focus 重复性生产Repetitive Focus 产品专业化Product Focus 大规模定制Mass Customization Focus 流程选择对比Comparison of Process Choices 7.2 流程分析和设计[Process Analysis and Design] 流程图Flow Diagrams 时间功能图Time-Function Mapping 价值流图Value-Stream Mapping 工艺路线图Process Charts 服务蓝图Service Blueprinting 7.3 服务流程设计[Service Process Design] 客户互动与流程设计Customer Interaction and Process Design 改进服务流程的更多机会More Opportunities to Improve Service Processes[布局和人力资源] 7.4 选择设备和技术[Selection of Equipment and Technology]-弹性 7.5 生产技术[Production Technology] 机床技术Machine Technology 自动识别技术Automatic Identification Systems (AISs) and RFID 过程控制Process Control 可视化系统Vision Systems 机器人Robots 自动存取系统Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRSs) 自动导引车Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) 柔性制造系统Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) 计算机集成制造Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) 7.6 服务业的技术[Technology in Services][金融+教育+政府+通信+商业+运输+医疗+航空] 7.7 流程再设计[Process Redesign] 7.8 道德和环境友善流程[Ethics and Environmentally Friendly Processes] [案例] 戴尔电脑公司Dell Computer Company 大规模定制为戴尔电脑带来竞争优势 “How can we make the process of buying a computer better?” 直接销售电脑给消费者Sell custom-build PCs directly to consumer 全面集成业务网络Integrate the Web into every aspect of its business 保持六天库存Operate with six days inventory 按订单快速低成本制造计算机,Build computers rapidly, at low cost, and only when ordered 专注研究电脑软件，快速安装和简单配置和Focus research on software designed to make installation and configuration of its PCs fast and simple  流程策略[process strategy]组织将资源转化成商品和服务的方法。 7.1 四种流程策略 工艺专业化[Process-Focused Strategy] –单件+小批生产 重复性生产[Repetitive Focused Strategy] –成批+大量生产 产品专业化[product focused]-大量生产 大规模定制[mass customization] –个性化生产 选择流程必须适合产量和品种[固定和变动成本分摊，设法让总成本最少] 7.1.1 工艺专业化[Process-Focused Strategy] 工艺专业化：小批量，多品种流程，也称作业车间；Low volume, high variety products，Job shop； 一些设备的利用率很低[5%]，但成本很高 具有弹性 被75%的企业采用 Facilities are organized by process Similar processes are together Example: All drill presses are together ‘Jumbled’ flow Other names 间