专题09+阅读理解主旨大意题（冲关秘笈）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈+Word版含解析.docVIP

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题09 阅读理解主旨大意题 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。 ◆主旨大意题的分类 1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种 ①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。 ②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。 2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种 ①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； ②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的； ③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 ◆设问特点： 1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。 2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。 3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。 4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。 ◆常考问题： 1. 中心思想类 The main point /idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses… The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2. 标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be … 3. 目的类 The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to … The passage is meant to …. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to… 【名师指导】 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 1. 中心主题句出现在文首 开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。 新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。 【典例】 （2016·新课标卷III）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. ＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,＂ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. ＂They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂ Researchers analyzing word-of-m