京典祥译：NASA技术文件编辑部的语法参考手册(四).docVIP

3.5.1 作分离用的逗号 在开放式风格中，逗号的很多分离使用是可用可不用的。如在任何可能的情况下都使用逗号，它们将截断文字，并使得文章难以阅读，这与引入标点符号的初衷相违。 独立子句 由并列连词连接(参见1.8.1)的独立子句可由逗号隔开: The mixing noise dominates the spectrum, but the background noise peaks at a high frequency. 当独立子句很短且密切关联时，逗号可以省略: Each performance of an experiment is called a trial and its result is called an outcome. 逗号通常保留在由并列连词but和for连接的子句之间，以强调对比。 当独立子句很复杂且内部含有逗号时，可使用分号来分离它们。 不要使用逗号来分离没有并列连词的独立子句: 错误的表达 The differences were generally about 11 percent, however, larger differences occurred at = 15 °. 要么为 The differences were generally about 11 percent, but larger differences occurred at = 15 °. 或者 The differences were generally about 11 percent; however, larger differences occurred at = 15 °. 不要使用逗号分离复合谓语，除非它们很长，且需要逗号以保证意义的明确。 不好的表达 Viewing through the atmosphere increases the apparent reflectance for low-reflectance objects (e.g., p = 0.1), and decreases the apparent reflectance for high-reflectance objects (e.g., p = 0.7). 正确的表达 Viewing through the atmosphere increases the apparent reflectance for low-reflectance objects (e.g., p = 0.1) and decreases the apparent reflectance for high-reflectance objects (e.g., p = 0.7). 当复合谓语很长，可以加逗号时，说明可能太长了。用逗号来分离它们，可能并不足以明确其意义。 元素序列 逗号(至少)需要分离三个或三个以上个元素的序列: The flight navigation system also provides altitude, roll, pitch, yaw, and ground speed. Pressures at the bulkhead, in the cove, and at the seal were measured. Wind speed is obtained from antenna brightness temperature, rain rate is obtained from the brightness temperature difference at two frequencies, and wind vector is obtained from radar cross section. 在一系列句子元素中，我们更倾向于在连接词前加逗号。对于防止误读，这种连续逗号通常是必要的。 前导短语和子句 逗号可用以从主从句中，分离前导短语或子句: If the variable t is actually time, then a is frequency. As discussed in reference 4, one has considerable freedom in defining the Fourier transform pair. 对于含有动词形式的所有前导子句和前导短语，将逗号放置于其后是标准的做法(Ebbitt 1982): 从句 Although some mathematicians are not comfortable with this intuitive definition, it is widely used. 分词短语 Called mean square calcu