2009年跨文化复习资料.docVIP

第一部分 1.Culture is the deposit 沉淀of knowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notions of time ,roles ,spatial relations,concepts of the universe,and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 2.Subculture亚文化群 refer to(指的是) a culture that exist within dominant 统治culture,and is ofren based on economic经济 or social class社会进阶,ethnicity种族划分,race种族,or geographic region地理区域. 3.Subgroup亚群体,usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of as把看做 accumulating累加 values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. 4.Cultural identity文化身份 ?refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group指一些人对特定文化和特定民族的归属感 5.Sender refers to the person who transmits传送 a message. 6.Channel媒介 (sometimes called the medium)is the method used to deliver送 a message. 7.Receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. 8.Intercultural communication跨文化交际 is communication berween people whose cultural perception感受 and symbol符号 system are distinct清晰 enough to 足以alter改变 the communication event. 9.Interpretation解释 refers to attaching附属的 meaning to sense data感觉资料. 10.Needs需求 affect影响 what people are more likely to attend to注意. 11.Human perception看法 is usually thought of as a three-step process of selection选择,organization组织,and interpretation解释. 12.sensation感动 is the neurological process神经过程 by which people become aware of意识到 their environment. 13.perception感觉 involves higher-order cognition认识 in the interpretation解释 of the sensory information.感觉信息 14.ethnocentrism民族优越感 refers to negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. 民族优越感是指一个人依据自己民族的判断对另一个民族做出的否定的判断。 15.prejudice偏见 refers to the irrational dislike,suspicion,or hatred of a particular group,race,religion,or sexual orientation.偏见是指无理由的厌恶、怀疑、憎恨一个特殊的群体、人群、宗教或者是性取向的人群。 16.racism种族歧视is any policy政策,practice惯例